Etiology and pathogenesis of penile shrinkage syndrome, criteria for micropenis, and basic techniques of andrological massage.

79.

Etiology and pathogenesis of penile retraction syndrome

Penis retraction syndrome is also known as "penis shrinkage", "penis retraction", "penis shrinkage", etc.

The disease is mainly related to the liver and kidneys, and is mostly caused by cold.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the pathogenesis of urethral retraction syndrome is as follows:

(1) External cold pathogens: When it is cold and the clothes are thin, drinking cold drinks after sexual intercourse will cause external cold to directly affect the Jueyin meridian and cause illness; the front of the genitals is where the tendons gather, the liver governs the tendons, the liver meridian runs along the genitals, around the genitals, and connects to the penis at the testicles. Cold causes contraction, and when cold affects the Jueyin meridian, the tendons and veins contract and shrink, so the yang shrinks.

(2) Pathogenic heat injures tendons: The kidney opens into the two lower orifices and is the organ of strength.

Insufficient congenital endowment, or excessive sexual activity, can lead to kidney yang deficiency, resulting in loss of warmth in the external genitalia.

When the coldness is excessive and external cold is added, the tendons of the penis will spasm and the yang will shrink.

(3) Injury of tendons by pathogenic heat: In typhoid fever and febrile diseases, the Yangming meridian is filled with heat and stagnation, and the tendons are not nourished. Alternatively, the heat may spread to the Jueyin meridian, causing heat to block the Yang Qi. The lack of nourishment of the tendons can also lead to Yang shrinkage.

80.

Standards for micropenis

In daily life, some young men are always worried that their penis is smaller than others.

In fact, just like height, weight, and facial features, there are many differences in the size of a person's penis; they vary in length and girth.

Liu Guozhen's research shows that the normal adult male penis length is: 4.9-8.6 cm in the flaccid state, with an average of 6.55 cm, a maximum of 10.6 cm, and a minimum of 3.7 cm. Generally, smaller penises have a higher rate of gradual lengthening upon erection in the flaccid state, while larger penises have a lower rate of gradual lengthening upon erection. Even for the same person, the penis length is not constant in the flaccid state, as tension can cause the penis to shorten. In addition, the measurement method itself can cause significant differences.

Therefore, the above figures are for reference only, and you should not try to compare them with your own length.

As long as one can have normal sexual intercourse and fulfill the task of procreation, it is considered normal.

So, what exactly constitutes a small penis? Generally speaking, a penis shorter than 2.5 cm before puberty, shorter than 5 cm after puberty, and with abnormal development and no erectile function; especially if accompanied by underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and no sperm, then it can be considered an abnormal penis development.

81.

Basic massage techniques commonly used in andrology

The basic techniques are relatively simple in operation and function, and commonly used ones include pushing, grasping, pressing, rubbing, kneading, wiping, pinching, and patting.

(1) Pushing method: Apply force to a certain part with the thumb, palm, fist, or elbow, and push in a straight line in one direction. Hence, it is also called straight push.

The amount of stimulation varies, with the elbow push exerting the greatest force and the thumb push exerting the least.

The fingers, palms, and elbows should be kept close to the body surface. The force, direction, and duration should be determined according to the location and condition. Applying force slowly and evenly can relax muscles and tendons and promote blood circulation.

(2) Grasping method: Use your thumb and the other four fingers or the index and middle fingers to apply force to regularly lift and pinch certain parts and acupoints.

When operating, apply moderate force, and use a smooth and gentle motion when picking up and releasing the object. The ideal sensation is a slight soreness or pain, followed by a feeling of comfort after relaxation.

This method is suitable for areas with abundant muscles in the neck, shoulders, and limbs. It has the effects of dispelling wind and cold, relaxing muscles and tendons, and relieving pain.

(3) Pressing method: Use your palm, fingers or elbow to press firmly against a certain part of the body or acupoint, gradually increase the pressure downward, and hold the pressure for a period of time.

Massage can relax muscles, open blockages, promote blood circulation, and relieve pain.

(4) Massage: Use the palm or the index, middle and ring fingers to rhythmically massage a certain part of the body in a circular motion. The force should be gentle and superficial, reaching the subcutaneous layer.

This method is often used on the head, face, chest, abdomen, and ribs, and has the effects of harmonizing the middle jiao, regulating qi, eliminating stagnation, and adjusting emotions.

(5) Kneading method: Place your fingers, palms, palm heels, or backs of your hands on a certain part and make gentle and slow circular motions.

It is suitable for all parts of the body, and can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain, relieve chest tightness and regulate qi, and eliminate stagnation.

(6) Rubbing method: Press your palm or fingertips firmly against the skin, apply slight pressure, and rub continuously in the up-down or left-right direction to generate a certain heat sensation on the skin.

This method has the effects of warming the meridians and promoting blood circulation, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and has a strong effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

(7) Pinching method: pinch the skin around a certain part or acupoint with the thumb and index finger, or the thumb and index, middle and ring fingers, and move it in the up and down direction.

This method is applicable to the head, neck, limbs, and back, and has the effects of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain.

(8) Patting method: Spread your five fingers naturally and bend them slightly, then pat the surface of your body with your palm.

It is suitable for the shoulders, back, waist, hips and lower limbs, and has the effect of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.

82.

Common auxiliary massage techniques in andrology

It evolved from basic techniques and can enhance the effect of basic techniques during operation, mainly including tapping, shaking, rubbing, and trembling.

(1) Acupressure: Press down on a certain acupoint with your fingertip and continue to press down.

There are one-finger points, two-finger points, and flexed middle finger points, which are applicable to acupoints all over the body. They can open up blockages, promote blood circulation, relieve pain, and regulate the functions of internal organs.

(2) Rubbing method: Use the palms of both hands to hold a certain part, rub it quickly and vigorously, and move it up and down.

It is suitable for the head, back, ribs and limbs, and has the effect of regulating qi and blood, relaxing muscles and tendons and promoting blood circulation. It is often used as the finishing technique.

(3) Shaking method: Hold one end of the joint with one or both hands and rotate it clockwise or counterclockwise.

It is commonly used on the neck, shoulders, arms, wrists, thighs, and ankles.

The shaking should be performed with a moderate amplitude and the force applied steadily and gently.

The rocking technique allows for passive joint movement, which can enhance the effects of other techniques.

(4) Shaking method: Hold the affected limb with one or both hands and shake it up and down with small amplitude and continuous force, so that the patient's body also shakes slightly.

It has the effects of relaxing muscles and tendons, regulating qi and blood, and is often used as the finishing touch in treatment of the limbs.

(5) Twisting method: Pinch a certain part with the pads of your thumb and index finger and rub it together.

It is suitable for use on the small joints of the limbs, or when twisting the penis, and has the effect of relaxing muscles and tendons, and lubricating joints.